Songs and Poetry Essay Example for Free

Tunes and Poetry Essay Build up a pack which contains the accompanying : * One melody ( of a span of 3 †5 minutes ) and one sonnet ; * For the tune, you may either hold a set up tune and make your own unique verses or make your own tune just as unique verses ; * Your tune and sonnet must meet the prerequisites of the prospectus and the educational program gauges of the essential ESL Classroom; * Provide a short method of reasoning/legitimization for your choice. * One exercise plan for a length of an hour for every one of the chose melody and sonnet. * Your exercise plan ought to incorporate worksheets, task sheets, and so forth. All encouraging guides are to be submitted along with the exercise plan. Your child will be evaluated on the accompanying rules : * Suitability of the tune and sonnet chose comparable to the exercise arranged; * Originality and imagination of showing thoughts/exercises planned; * Evidence of a degree of exercises that lead to fruitful learning of the proposed learning results; * Appropriate and an assortment of educating materials. You may introduce your unit in the accompanying manners : * In booklet structure ; * In a ring document with clear separator; * Any different introductions which you consider to be compelling and appealing. Defense/method of reasoning for the choice of tune . Melody: Old Pak Karim Had A Farm ( Adapted from Old Macdonald Had A Farm ) Genre: Nursery Rhymes * Age * The tune is appropriate with the focused on gathering, year 3 KSSR on the grounds that it contains a little jargon and the understudies know about the words utilized in the tune. For a model, dairy animals, duck and pig. * Content * Teacher ought to pick a sonnet that energize and inspires the understudies. So I for one conviction that the melody that I have picked will inspire andâ engage the understudies in the exercise as it centers around various kinds of creatures and the sounds they make. * Proficiency level * The method of reasoning of picking this tune to be instructed to a Year 3 understudies is additionally a result of their capability level. At this essential level, I feel that the understudies are not presented to troublesome vocabularies however to just certain understandable words. In this way, this significant component satisfies the decision of my melody that is ‘’Old Pak karim’’ in light of the fact that it contains basic words . Not just that, the mood and the beat of the melody is additionally comparable to the students’ capability level. It doesn't have a quick rhythm and confounded music which will exhaust the understudies. * Interest * The tune that I have intended for the Year 3 KSSR understudies, creates inspiration among the understudies, create creative mind among them about creature, animates interest, draw on close to home understanding. I conviction that when an instructor proposes the understudies with an upgrade that the understudies have encountered previously, it will make them to enjoy that specific exercise since it is something of their advantage. Legitimately this melody will energize dynamic investment among the understudies, and make want to keep learning. * Culture * This tune will make a wonders to uncover the understudies whom are from urban zones and had never observed livestock, for example, cows, pigs, etc. By utilizing this melody, educator will have the option to uncover the understudies with a farmer’s way of life and their way of life. He/she may clarify the every day schedule of a rancher or various kinds of animals that can be found in a homestead. * Resources * This melody can be handily found in the web and instructors could just download the tune and have an intriguing exercise with regards to the study hall. Exercise plan Date | 21st March 2013| Time| 10. 00 †11. 00 am| Class | Year 1| Number of students| 25 understudies | Students’ level| Mixed capacity class| Theme| World of Knowledge| Topic| Animals and the sounds they make. | Focused/Main skill| Language Arts | Integrated skills| Listening, talking and composing | Curriculum Specification| 1. 1. 3 Able to tune in to, state so anyone might hear and present rhymes or sing melodies with direction. 1. 1. 4 Able to discuss an upgrade with guidance3. 1. 1 Able to show fine engine control of hands and fingers by : ( a ) taking care of items and controlling them. 4. 1. 1 Able to appreciate nursery rhymes, jazz serenades and activity tune through non-verbal reaction. 4. 1. 2 Able to discuss nursery rhymes, jazz drones and sing activity melodies with right elocution and musicality. 4. 3. 1 Able to deliver straightforward inventive works with direction dependent on : ( a ) nursery rhymes 4. 3. 2 Able to participate with direction in an exhibition dependent on : ( a ) nursery rhymes | General objective| To uncover understudies with various sorts of creatures and the sounds they make. | Specific Objectives| By the finish of the exercise, understudies ought to have the option to : 1. Tune in to the tune and partake in an oral movement with 100 % exactness. 2. Appreciate and sing the tune with 100 % precise elocution. 3. Follow the activities and developments. 4. Make a basic imaginative work, face veil as indicated by their characters they are named to. | CCTS| None| Grammar| Verbs | Vocabulary| Cluck, oink, quack, woof , moo| Teaching aids| 1. Pictures of various sorts of creatures. 2. White board 3. Melody cut 4. Speakers 5. PC 6. Manila cards 7. Marker pens 8. String | Moral values| Love the creatures. Collaboration. Gathering work. Sharing. | Previous information | Students are presented to a few kinds of creatures and they have been instructed to do creature covers. | Stage/Time| Content| Teaching Learning activities| Remarks/Rationale| Set enlistment( +-5 minutes ) | Talking about oneself. | 1. Instructor gets into the class and catch the students’ consideration by posing them hardly any inquiry about themselves. Ex : Hello understudies, how are all of you feeling today? * Do you have any pets at your home ? * Can you name a portion of the livestock that you know. 2. Subsequent to having the understudies to react, educator continue to the following phase of the exercise. | Rationale The justification for having a two route collaboration during a set acceptance is to guarantee that the understudies are prepared genuinely and intellectually. Having a two way correspondence will give a space for the understudies to stand in opposition to themselves and rouses them to gain proficiency with the exercise that has been intended for them for that specific day. | Pre stage ( +-10 minutes ) | Introduction of a character. Various creatures. | 1. Educator glue a male character on the load up and acquaint him quickly with the understudies ( Refer to informative supplement 1 ) 2. Next educator glues pictures of different creatures on the board. ( Refer to reference section 2 ) 3. The instructor brings up barely any understudies and get them to name the creatures that has been stuck before. 4. At that point, the educator requests that the understudies make the sounds that the creatures make. 5. Educator watches the students’ investment in the study hall. | Remarks-Now let me present Pak Karim. He has hardly any creatures with him. | While stage ( +-20 minutes )| Listening appreciation - Cow, Duck, Chicken, Pig, Dog. | 1. Instructor plays a tune cut ( Refer to reference section 3 ) and requires the understudies to watch and hear him out/her. 2. Next, instructor plays the tune cut and the understudies should sing the tune alongside the educator. 3. At that point, the educator plays the melody again and this time with hardly any developments and activities that is reasonable with the creatures. 4. Understudies mirror the activities and the developments done by the instructor and moves around the study hall to do the activities and developments along with the sound clasp. 5. When the melody has been sung, educator ask not many WH-inquiry to the understudies. Ex : what is the sound made by a pooch? * What is the sound that a dairy animals makes? * Oink, oink,oink is made by which creature? 6. Educator gets out barely any understudies, each in turn and request that they make sound and activities of specific creatures that they have learnt prior. 7. Lively execution will be remunerated with applauds. | Rationale - This is to guarantee that the understudies have tune in and appreciated the tune well. - Claps are considered as an uplifting feedback for the understudies which will urge and persuade them to remain dynamic and take an interest in the exercise. | Post stage ( +-20 Minutes )| Language expressions | 1. Instructor separates the understudies into 5 gatherings and select them to the animal characters that is engaged with the melody entitled â€Å" Old Pak karim Had A Farm†. 2. Each gathering must have 1 novice, 2 middle of the road and 2 propelled understudies. 3. Educator disperses 5 bits of A4 measured manila cards, strings and scarcely any marker pens to each gatherings. 4. When the educator is finished with the dispersion, she/he should give a reasonable guidance on what must be finished by the understudies. 5. Educator stroll around the study hall starting with one gathering then onto the next to screen the gathering movement. 6. Following 15 minutes, instructor request that the understudies wear the cover that they have made and get them to make the sound of the creatures by highlighting one gathering to another. 7. At that point the educator continues to the following phase of the exercise. | RemarksThe understudies should share a portion of the materials among the gathering individuals. This will in a roundabout way show them how to be lenient and to function in a gathering. | Closure( +-5 Minutes ) | Let’s chime in | 1. Educator asks the understudies whether they are prepared to sing a tune. 2. Educator request that the understudies stand up and chime in the tune with the instructor. 3. Each gatherings should make sound when their particular characters shows up in the tune. 4. Educator parts of the bargains ingraining virtues among the understudies. Ex :- You ought to consistently adore the creatures. * You ought not torment or execute them. | RemarksThe understudies sing the melody along with the covers that they have planned and made. | Appendix 1 Old Pak Karim Appendix 2 Pictures of various creatures . Method of reasoning/Justification for the determination of the sonnet. * Age * This sonnet is reasonable with the focused on bunch which is Year 3 understudies. Not just that, I conviction that this sonnet can be proposed to the understudies in light of the fact that the understudies will have the option to grasp its substance. Adding to that, studen

20 Research Essay Topics Interesting Issues about the Profession of a Medical Assistant

20 Research Essay Topics Interesting Issues about the Profession of a Medical Assistant We are certain that you discovered our past guide on 19 realities on the calling of a clinical right hand for an examination article exceptionally significant and accommodating just as the following one managing how to appropriately inquire about an exposition on clinical aide. At this stage, your psyche is presumably loaded with intriguing thoughts for composing an exploration exposition on the subject of clinical colleague as a calling. In this second piece of our guide you’ll discover a plenty of points which will in a perfect world assistance you in picking one for your paper. Here are 20 subjects on the calling of a clinical colleague for an exploration paper: The History of Medical Assistance in Medicine Vocation Growth/Advancement in Medical Assistance Why Medical Assistants Are Considered a Valuable Resource and Continually in Demand Why Medicine Students Prefer to Become Medical Assistants For what reason is Communications Training Important for Medical Assistants Why Are Medical Assistants Required to Learn Database Management as a Core Component of Study Why Are Medical Assistants Required to Have Office Management Training? Enhancement in Medical Assistance Why Is it Easier For Medical Assistants to Go into Stable Careers Compared to other Field in Medicine? For what reason Should Medical Assistants Learn to Market Themselves? Why Is Medicine Termed a â€Å"Stressful Career Choice†? What Similar Occupations Can Medical Assistants Occupy so as to Diversify Their Career Paths? Moral Considerations for Medical Assistants Why Is Formal Training Not Necessary for Medical Assistants? What Is the Difference Between Patient Care and Medical Assistance? What Qualities Should a Medical Assistant Posses so as to Excel in the Profession For what reason are Medical Assistants Not Licensed? What Sort of Formal Education Is Required or Preferred to Become a Medical Assistant? How is Technology Helping in Medical Assistance? Chronicled Trends in Medical Assistance These themes will without a doubt assist you with nailing that exposition better, particularly since your teacher may be breathing down your neck as cutoff times close in. Regularly understudies have a wide range of data readily available however can't channel them appropriately, we are here to control you at all times. You can look over any of the points referenced above, however what we truly need you to do is have your own one of a kind thoughts while getting motivated by these subjects. All things considered, our responsibility is to assist you with intuition and sort out your work better. Do keep in touch with us on the off chance that you have any inquiries concerning a specific theme. So you’re outfitted with the exploration and have a couple of points to depend on. In the following piece of the guide we’ll disclose to you how to put everything down in words to assist you with arriving in your professor’s great books. So head on over to the following part called how to do an examination in a paper on clinical associate in the event that you like. As guaranteed, here is an example article: Test Research Essay: Career Growth/Advancement in Medical Assistance It’s a verifiable truth that practically all businesses offer inclination to employing graduates who have experienced conventional preparing programs in clinical help. These proper projects can be taken in post-auxiliary professional schools, professional specialized secondary schools, junior universities and most colleges. Courses under these proper projects train up-and-comers in the field of clinical phrasing, physiology and life structures. Different aptitudes are likewise shown, for example, interpretation, bookkeeping, protection handling, composing and record-keeping. Research center strategies are likewise educated to understudies, for example, pharmaceutical standards, analytic methodology, prescription organization and emergency treatment. Office practice, morals, clinical law and patient relationship is likewise profoundly installed in their educational plan. The practicum program is a licensed program which gives understudies down to earth involvement with clinics, medicinal services offices and physicians’ workplaces. On the off chance that you’re searching for licensed clinical help program, you should investigate two organizations, to be specific the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP) and the Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools (ABHES). The previous endorsed around 600 clinical help programs in the year 2010 and correspondingly 400 were licensed by the last mentioned. 19 projects in ophthalmic help were licensed by the Committee on Accreditation for Ophthalmic Medical Personnel. There are states which necessitate that you take up an extra course or give an exhibit test before being permitted to rehearse, since there is no normalized permit for clinical help. Businesses offer inclination to experienced specialists and candidates who have the applicable affirmations since they have to maintain a specific standard in their group of clinical collaborators. The American Association of Medical Assistants offers grant to the certifications of a Certified Medical Assistant. Likewise, enrolled clinical collaborators get authorize by the American Medical Technologists. Different honors affiliations which prize meriting and qualified clinical colleagues remember the Joint Commission for Allied Health Personnel in Ophthalmology and American Society of Pediatric Medical Assistants. So as to succeed, a clinical colleague must have the option to manage people in general in an all around prepped and obliging way. It is the activity of clinical right hand to cause patients to feel safe while clarifying all guidelines in detail identified with the doctor practice.â It is their duty to comfort the patient’s mind. So as to prevail as a clinical colleague and help their organization develop, they have to have an order over visual assignments and manual aptitude. They likewise need to comprehend the significance of ensuring clinical data of a patient because of its delicate nature; a sharp and ready clinical right hand may spare the clinical establishment a great many dollars in claim payouts in light of the fact that they’ll never let it end up like that. In the event that you are hoping to have a vocation as a clinical partner, you’ll be happy to hear that through difficult work, you can progress to an office the executives position and past. A clinical colleague can likewise effectively perform obligations of an authoritative help official or give clinical helping exercises as an instructor. In the event that you can assist your training in clinical science, you are qualified for other wellbeing and medication occupations like clinical innovation or nursing. References: Brassington, C., Goretti, C. (2011). Mama Notes: Medical Assistants Pocket Guide. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis. Youthful Adams, A. P., Proctor, D. B., Kinn, M. E. (2011). Kinns The clinical right hand: An applied learning approach. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier, Saunders. Bonewit-West, K., Hunt, S. An., Applegate, E. J. (n.d.). Todays Medical Assistant: Clinical Administrative Procedures. Corner, K. A., Whicker, L., Wyman, T. D. (2014). Clinical helping: Administrative and clinical methods including life structures and physiology. New York: McGraw-Hill. Clinical Assistant Job Description. (n.d.). Recovered July 19, 2016, from snagajob.com/sets of expectations/clinical aide/ What Does a Medical Assistant Do? (n.d.). Recovered July 19, 2016, from rasmussen.edu/degrees/wellbeing sciences/blog/what-does-a-clinical right hand do/ Linton, C. B. (2002). Clinical shortenings and abbreviations. Boca Raton: BarCahrts.

Well I Know That Its a Wonderful World

Well I Know That It’s a Wonderful World I slept. I slept voraciously. I slept with a vigor to make up for all the lost sleep in the last 3 months. After obsessively refreshing the Academic Record page for like the n! time, it was a strange feeling to find a semesters worth of rushing over to Building 68 to turn in psets and late essay-writing nights with Jay Chou mixed with Les Mis playing in the background had turned into five simple letters and a two-digit decimal figure. How anticlimactic. This last semester passed by in a flash. Unfortunately, this semester also turned out to be rather less exciting for me because of the combination of directing an ESP program almost single-handedly and trying to manage 72 credits until mid-Nov (with orgo added into the mix which is more like 18 credits than 12). August rush. orientation. yay frosh! breezy walks across harvard bridge. omg what did you do over the summer?! jp licks runs. staying up all night. dance parties. new and exciting (for now) classes. japanese! understanding everything in class. meeting froshies. chinatown excursions. seagulls by boston harbor. sunshine. September 5.12. video games. exams. exams? EXAMS! 50/100 X( standard deviations. class average. tooling. renaissance. jan van eyck. raphael. solow model. cosi sandwiches. orange juice cartons. sleeping through lectures. new taiwanese restaurant! yay. satprep. satprep. SATPREP. EMAILS! PARENTS! STUDENTS! TEACHERS! madness. October retreat! scrumptious food. stanford. stanford splash! californian middle school kids. ex-mit stanford grad students. palo alto chinese food. warm sunny days. harvard square. add/drop form. golden leaves. ihouse social dinners! bbq. california pizza kitchen. prez debates + rhetorical analysis. ihouse brunch. grease. 51/100. mid-semester resolutions. ozonolysis. tempera. caravaggio. tenebrism. November tksgiving! dc. lincoln memorial. congress. white house. dc metro. black friday. nyc. reunion! food! long, long, loooong bus rides. elections! obama. change. massachusetts question one. short days. mit splash! middle school kids! craziness! 53/100. apple cider. conjugation. Hfr plasmid. vermeer. delacroix. monet. haystacks. December snow? no snow. :( exam 3. studying. hayden library. rotch 4th floor. thailand cafe takeouts. 4:30 pm sunsets. last day of classes. pizza. tooling. procrastinating. youtube. tooling. procrastinating. friday nights in the library. calculating grades. delirium. final papers. art history final. bio final. packpackpack. logan airport. snow! san francisco. tokyo. taiwan!!! on the 27-hour trip back from boston, i started and finished the brief wondrous life of oscar wao. listen, well let you go if you tell us what fuego means in english. i closed my eyes, unable to continue.

Music Western Civilization Essay - 1309 Words

For our class project I decided to attend a concert at Bargemusic, a floating concert hall in Brooklyn,I chose is because I thought it would be cool to be on a boat for a concert. This concert will be on Friday November 30th at 8 pm. I will focus on the two masterwork series they will be performing. The first one is Takemitsu Quatrain II, Between Tides and the second one is Messiaen Quartet for the End of Time. There will be a trio with a cello, violin, piano, and clarinet. This seems very interesting and I review photos on this venue. It has a very nice view and it looks very formal. I plan to focus on both pieces I will listen to both of them on YouTube and they are both interesting find it interesting how a piano,cello,clarinet and†¦show more content†¦The cello has a very sad feel it sounds like something I’d hear from a sad part of a movie, maybe heart break or death. The third movement is called Abyss of the birds it is a clarinet solo the piano, violin, and ce llo are not a part of this movement. The clarinet starts off with a soft note. It descends as it goes on. the tempo is extremely slow. It sounds fortissimo as it goes on. Then he descends from a higher pitch. He plays a fast melody after the pauses he makes. It goes from fast to slow to fast to slow. The fourth piece is called Interlude. The piano is not in this piece. The cello, violin, and clarinet plays the same notes. It sounds like a soft melody. Then the clarinet plays alone as the violin and cello play as a response. At one point the cello player starts plucking. The cello and violin stay on the same notes. The fifth movement is called praise to the eternity of jesus. The cello starts off with a soft feel, very slow and long notes, Followed with the piano in the back. The piano plays very pianissimo. The amplitude is very low. But the violin plays crescendo. 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The Foundation Of Morals And Ethics - 992 Words

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Through this publication, AristotleRead MoreEthical Codes And Guidelines Are Not Like Basic Recipes1468 Words   |  6 PagesEthics is an ongoing process in counseling in which every counselor should have some sort of knowledge about. Standard ethical codes and guidelines are not like basic recipes. They are very broad and vague. Ethical codes are often use for what you need to do, but not always how you should do it. Ethics is a word that’s widely used and an integral piece to the helping profession. Ethics is important for all individuals who are working in the helping profession, including mental health, rehabilitation

Computer Law Free Essays

string(129) " the value of the property for claim a person; in addition, the country court also deal with divorce cases and bankruptcy cases\." Introduction 1.Background Computer crimes are increasing day by day all over the world, internet is the prime medium for commit the crime both domestic and international activities. Criminals are targeted by using electronic tools like computer and other programmable devices. We will write a custom essay sample on Computer Law or any similar topic only for you Order Now Computer Crime could affect any electronic device vulnerable attacks through the network which may be personal computer or protected computers. Today’s nature of the computer and internet mean that the criminal activities easily can carry out across the nation border. These kinds of crimes create problem over the jurisdiction and investigating the crime, different countries using different low and enforcement for the relevant crimes took place over the country. Older computer crimes was conducted using computer as tool such as illegally store images in the hard disk using mobile phone for harassment, download music, videos illicitly, software piracy, forgery and fraud these kind of computer crimes prosecute other relevant laws rather than computer law. New type of cyber-crime is very different than older, now the attackers are using specific technologies or programmes which may be virus, malware, Trojan, worms and spyware; these programmes are very dangerous, effective and accurate to commit cyber-crimes. Attacks are now common against financial companies, banks and identity theft; some electronic attacks are using terrorist attack to the targeted computer and network through remotely. Unauthorised access, delete or modify the stored data in the computer system; these activities are prosecuted under computer crime legislation. According to the British Crime Survey showed that most of the computers are affected by virus in the house hold using internet in the U.K about 62 % in 2006 because of increase of the computers and broad band connection. Computer related activities are very complex to be prosecuted; law makers and the security consultants frustrated these kinds of activities are very difficult to legislate without affecting others. The legislation authority of UK recently clamping down on computer crime fell under some sort of trap; such kind of trap can avoid providing the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act (RIPA) 2000 which provision provides massive surveillances in the computer networks and the users. The news of the world phone hacking has been investigating since 2005, this case is very popular and on-going case; and here some suspicious people include news of the world Chief editors, reports, investigator, celebrities and politician. According to some popular newspaper report; I would like to explain this case, who all are the suspicious and guilty person in this case and which laws they are broken. 2. Judicial Process in U.K European communities include England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, in this judiciary system has three courts of jurisdiction system arranged according to the cases which brought before the court.in U.K has two main type of judiciary system.[9] The European laws from the European Union, the legal system in the UK largely based on the judge here judge will made law and decide the cases and this cases brought before the judge this process is until 17th century this system is called common law or case law. But the Scotland totally dissimilar form this jurisdiction process at that time there has been a new law implemented the Act of Parliament that was policies of Government of the day. At that time a judge made law according to the case and the public need to follow this law this pronouncement technically known as precedent. The precedent plays very significant role in the common law this ensure logical progress, certainty, consistency and law development.[9] Legislation or statutory new law act in the parliament has become common, it reform in the 17th century; the modern time laws applied in the jurisdiction at any combination of jurisdiction in the U.K. but the common law has limited jurisdiction in the public general act. it may limited geographical location in the jurisdiction for a person and organisation. The most significant Act in the legislation in the parliament known as Primary legislation this primary legislation made by the parliament act 1911 -1949 in the House of Lords and then it accepted by the Royal assent from the Queen. This legislation is laid under Government Ministers and it come today’s greater volume.[9] The category of criminal law considers with Most of the criminal cases in the England and Wales called prosecutions. The Court prosecution on the basis of indictment document, here most of the case prosecution instituted by prosecutor on behalf of the Crown Prosecution Service, the case takes over form the police the specified crime accused with whom in the state. The first stage of the case answer is called prime face and this process is called committal. In this document magistrate disclose some papers which are based on the evidence submitted by the prosecutor, these cases have heard in the Crown court. Crown Court only one but there nearly 70 jurisdiction centres in this country. [9] The litigation process before the judge and the jury they preside over the whole trail prosecution the judge and the jury justify the fairness about the case at the same time the prosecutors need to submit all the evidences these evidences admissible by jury at this time the jury give the accurate view and relevant law to this case. Finally, the jury decide who will be the culprit and who will be the innocent. [9] Magistrates’ court deal with fewer amounts of criminal cases, there is no committal and jury for jurisdiction. Here trial bench has three magistrates deal with the cases are lay person. Magistrates court appeal to the Crown Court some criminal cases such most criminal cases taken to the divisional court in the High Court. Finally, these matters may be appeal to the House of Lords. [9] The civil cases trial is begun by a plaintiff, the plaintiff; it may be a company or a person or government. Most of the civil cases deal with the country court typically claim cases choice of the value of the property for claim a person; in addition, the country court also deal with divorce cases and bankruptcy cases. You read "Computer Law" in category "Essay examples" Moreover, the claim cases has limitation up to ?3000 could be handled by the country court. [9] The High Court has three sub division to deal cases, Family Division, Chancery Division and Queen’s Bench Division [9] Family Division usually considers family matters like divorce cases and child welfare cases, child protection is the aim of this court, and sometimes they brought child to some agencies for the protection of the child. The High court has some difficulty to do divorce cases so country court deal with these matters, the family division has deal with the overseas cases like administration of wills process known as probate. [9] The Chancery Division deal with difficult matters like bankruptcy, copyright and patent, settlement, land law, trust and corporate laws. Most of the cases consider in the subdivision of this court which division is highly skilled specialists deal with this cases. [9] The Queen’s Bench division consider business cases about land and contracts torts , in this division has some specialised sub division al so commercial court in this court consider most difficult cases in the part of the business torts. [9] The European community was developed under the Treaty of Rome in the year of 1957, the judges could be appointed by 15 member stated of the court called Luxembourg in this sits comprised one British Judge. English legal system made the Court in the European Community Act 1972 section three in this states. [9] The Interference could raise Treaty of Rome under article 177; firstly, the jurisdiction give introductory decision would be taken by the justice in this court for the interpretation from the Treaty of Rome. The tribunal may be questioned before the tribunal’s member of the state the court of justice ruling the any civil cases and criminal matters in the U.K courts can ask any judgment points about the dispute the court will give necessary decision as soon as possible, the court of justice is peak court in this nation. [9] The Scotland follows own legal system based on Edinburgh of the court the Act Union of England and Wales in 1707, Scotland holds so many law system form English. 1) Adversarial Adversarial judicial System, which legal system the two advocates would be represent for the suspected and petitioned parties, in this system there usually have a jury or judge for decide whether the accused person is guilty or not. 2) Inquisitorial Inquisitorial legal system totally opposite to the adversarial legal system, here the court would investigate the case, this legal system some countries use only for civil cases and they use common laws. 3. European Law English law falls in to Criminal Law and Civil Law, offence related to person and the property and affecting the whole community is under the criminal law and it is called prosecution this law is applicable for computer related crimes. The wrong relating confliction between individuals with in the community which action for claim the case is under the civil case. Most Effective Computer Laws in U.K/European Union [10] Computer Misuse Act 1990 Police and Justice Act 2006 Telecommunication regulations 2000 Communications Act 2003 Human rights Act 1998 Privacy and electronic communication regulations 2003 European Laws Data Protection Act 1998 Anti-Terrorism, crime and security Act 2001 Regulation of investigatory powers Act 2000 Wiretap Act Pen / Trap Act Electronic Communication Privacy Act 4. Presenting Digital Evidence in the Court The Digital Evidences such as floppy disk, USB, CD, an Image, log files, MAC time, which evidences supports the claim or that rejects the claim. The evidences are significant and need to maintain integrity and confidentiality is very important. The integrity means that the digital evidence has been not tampered and the confidentiality means that make sure the process or the content of the evidence must not view unauthorised person but only the authorised person. For integrity maintaining need to create MD5 or SHA-1 check sum value using lawful authority approved tools. The collecting evidence and making report is very important this process is called Chain of Custody, to prove the case need to prepare detailed report and to make sure that the evidence handled step should be follow. What is the evidence How did you get it When was it collected Who has handled it Why did that person handle it Where has it travelled, and where was it ultimately stored When the evidence is electronic form it becomes two dimensional types of objects tangible and intangible this need to be preserved and tracked in the chain of custody. The physical evidence is called tangible objects such as laptop, hard drives, CD’s, backup tapes, digital cameras. Intangible data like documents, email and metadata. Authentication of the digital evidence is significant and the evidence is multi faced and it must be verified the digital authenticity of the digital evidence. For the integrity need to use digital signature technology which can maintain the evidence integrity. 5. Case Scenario The News of the World (NoW) phone voice message hacking case is on-going case in the UK, the News of the World case was complained on November 2005 against the three royal staffs’ members, after reporting the story about Price William’s phone voicemail interception, and this case was registered at the Metropolitan Police on November 2005. The accused Clive Goodman was the royal editor Edmondson was the assistant editor of the NoW and Glenn Mulcaire is a private investigator. Goodman was jailed four months and Glen Mulcaire was jailed six months in January 2007. The NoW current executives and the current chief reporter Neville Thurlbeck 50 and former new editor Lan Edmonson 42 ware arrested suspiciously by the Metropolitan Police in April for illegally intercepted private telephone conversation, this unlawful offence under section 1 of the RIPA 2000(Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000) and Criminal law Act 1977 Section 1 (1) has been charged the police. They were released on bail in September. After two and half years latter one of the famous newspapers in the UK claimed that the world-famous phone mailbox hacking case has involved NoW journalists and politician, sports stars, celebrities.[2,4,11] In July 2009, some newspapers reported that Deputy Prime Minister Lord Prescott,singer George Michael, celebrity cook Celebrity Nigella Lawson, London Mayor Boris John, actress Gwyneth Paltrow, Comedian Lennny Henry, Late reality TV start Jade Goody and Coulson also includes in the phone hacking list; a chief executive of professional football’s association Gordon Taylor, Lib Dem MP Simon Hughes, sports agent Sky Andrew and Model Elle Macpherson had been victims.[3] In July 9th 2009 The News of the World apologised in the court actress sienna Miller was not committed this crime and the NoW she was not attend the prosecution and high court settled for this case ?100,000 legal cost ant damages.[13] September 2009, the owner of the News Group Newspaper paid ?1 million for settle the case three subjected people in this phone hacking case such as professional footballers Association Chairman Gordon Taylor, who had been settled this case out of the court said the Guardian newspaper report and they had this evidence, which evidence exposed that of illegal activities and they published that the NoW staffs were used around 1000 of mobile phone. This year the Scotland Yard claimed that they identified the suspected victims they are royal, military, police and government bodies. After a few days the PCC (Press Complaints Commission) said that about the phone hacking allegation they have not get any Evidence so this case is going on.[3] In February 2010, there was a report in the newspaper The Guardian; the 3 mobile phone company revealed that nearly 100 of customers have had hacked answer phone messages. And Police had found that around 91 PIN codes in their investigation, these PIN Codes they had been used for accessing voice mail to some others these information collected form the Clive Goodman and Glen Mulcaire.by the March 2010, Max Clifford intercepting the voice mail case was found the settlement details about ?1 million payment was done by News of the World, this case found that Clive Goodman had had involved another phone hacking case. After that the New York Times published in September 2010 the NoW journalist attempted to hack one of the television personality’s voice message. Then in December 2010, Crown Prosecution Service judged according to the Scotland Yard Police Inquiry report, they have not found any admissible new evidence whether they hacked the phone or not.[2] In January 2011, Lan Edmonson was suspended form the NoW after claiming phone hacking, one of the 91 victims, the Actress Sienna Miller have had relationship with Mr Jude Law from 2003 – 2005.Mr Justice Vos notice that Sianna Miller was appeared in some article in News of the Word from 2003 -05 year this may be consider she might have involved in this phone hacking case.[4] In 10th April 2011, the News of the world apologised the phone hacking case they are ready to pay compensation to those individual has been accused in this phone hacking case, this news was published in News of the World newspaper.[7] 6. Laws Broken by Accused According to the BBC news these accused persons were committed unlawful interception of public communication under the UK law RIPA 2000(Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000) of Section and the unauthorised access computer and gaining any stored data from the hard disk / voice messages from the computer against the UK law Computer Misuse Act 1990 section 1 (1) have been violated these proposed guilty people in the News of the World Phone Hacking case 2005 -2011. 7. The phone hacking case happened in the UK â€Å" Morgans v Director case This case was in December 1998 to 2000; Morgan was hacked British Telephone computer Monolog telephone call logger for making some international calls. This case the prosecutor charged CMA 1990 section 1 (1) and Section 11 (2), But this case was quashed.† [6] â€Å"R v Moody case In this case ex-employee of the IT specialist he accessed remote maintenance port in the local authorities computerised telephone, he could not made any outgoing calls but he routed incoming calls to single extension. The police sized his pc and hard disk which has been corrupted by previous police investigation, so the court had stayed indictment. He was violated CMA 1990 section 3 and Admissibility Pace section 69s† [6] â€Å"R v Malcolm Farquharson case In this case was happened in 1993, the accused person was committed mobile phone cloning, the accused person convicted unauthorised access he had been sentences nearly six month imprisonment.† [6] â€Å"R v Emma Pearce case This case was registerd 1993, this case also phone cloning he accessed telephone records so the court sentenced ?300 fine only.† [6] â€Å"Gold and Schifreen In 1985, two journalists were hacked British Telecom computer and they were accessed prince Philip’s voice mail box at that time for the investigation proved that these two people were committed activity but there was no computer misuse act to punish them. At that time they created a new law computer misuse act in 1990.† [6] 8. Conclusion According to the BBC news and other popular Newspaper report claimed that, the News of the World chief editor, reporter and private investigator was committed this phone hacking case the police has some evidence against them according to this evidence the Court had imprisoned these three people in 2006 around 6 months, after one year this case was reopened by Met police UK; but the police investigation is going on and they yet to be find any solid evidence against them and rest of the 3000 suspicious person, during this investigation 10th April 2011 the news of the world apologised to all accused suspected people and they are willing to give compensation to all this people. Even though they withdraw the case it is crystal clear that some of the NoW staffs were involved and committed this case. In my point of view these suspicious persons violated UK laws above mentioned, but this case was withdrawn why because of the pressure from the political leader, they need to hide some professi onal or celebrities, Politicians involvement in this case; most of the suspicious people were settled this case out of the court with billions of money this deal are very secret. This is clear that most of the computer related cases fail because of investigation problem or computer evidences are very easy to be damage and sometimes there would not be proper evidences to prove. I believe References http://www.adviceguide.org.uk/index/your_rights/legal_system/courts_of_law.htm [Accessed: 8th June 2011]. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11195407 [Accessed: 9th June 2011]. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11930168 [Accessed: 8th June 2011]. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-12253968 [Accessed: 8th June 2011]. http://www.charlesrussell.co.uk/UserFiles/file/pdf/Reputation%20Management/phone_hacking.pdf [Accessed: 8th June 2011]. http://www.computerevidence.co.uk/Cases/CMA.htm [Accessed: 9th June 2011]. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1374946/Rupert-Murdochs-News-World-apologizes-sets-victims-compensation-fund.html [Accessed: 9th June 2011]. http://www.internetrights.org.uk/briefings/irtb08-rev1-draft.pdf [Accessed: 20th May 2011]. http://www.leeds.ac.uk/law/hamlyn/courtsys.htm[Accessed: 4th June 2011]. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/23/contents [Accessed: 8th June 2011] http://www.mediaspy.org/report/2011/04/06/uk-police-arrest-news-of-the-world-phone-hacking-suspects/ [Accessed: 9th June 2011]. http://www.mishcon.com/news/articles/phone_hacking_the_news_of_the_world_04_2011/ [Accessed: 8th June 2011]. http://www.newsoftheworld.co.uk/notw/public/nol_public_news/1266448/News-International-statement-News-of-the-World-says-sorry.html [Accessed: 8th June 2011]. http://www.parliament.uk/documents/post/postpn271.pdf How to cite Computer Law, Essay examples

Working In High School Essays - , Term Papers

Working In High School Having a job in high school gives me an edge. As an employee, I have learned to interact with many different types of people, work together, and learn the value of a dollar. Being employed is one of the best things that has ever happened to me. Participating in a job has offered me many opportunities to make friends, assume a leadership role, and take on responsibilities. Working has enabled me to become a more mature and well-rounded individual. Without a job, I would not be who I am today. When you are employed, you have to work every other day in order to make money, and it becomes apparent that you do not have all the time in the world to accomplish every day tasks like homework or athletics. With so much going on in a high- schoolers life, it is essential to prioritize. Participation in a job has helped me learn to do just that. By keeping an organized schedule of my responsibilities, and using my time well, I have been able to show my peers that it is possible to accomplish what needs to be done. At school and at work, people look up to me for advice. Just knowing that others see how hard you work to get things done in your own life makes the world of difference in how you feel about yourself. Despite the number of hours I have dedicated to my job, I have been able to maintain a B average. I have learned that if something is important to you, you can accomplish whatever you want to. My participation in the world of working has made all the difference to me. Working plays a key role in many students lives. Participation in employment has given me a sense of maturity and has made me feel good about myself. It has made a difference in my life, and I am sure in many other lives, too.

Huck Finns Journey into Adulthood essays

Huck Finns Journey into Adulthood essays Huckleberry Finns Journey into Adulthood In Mark Twains novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, we experience the harsh ways of society through the escapades of a boy who has run away from home. Huck learns to see the true society he is a part of by encountering a variety of people, experiences, and decisions he must make. Huck takes lessons from Miss Watson on her views of religion and right and wrong. The king and the duke prove to Huck that there are always some people remaining, who are inhumane. Through Jim, Huck faces many moral decisions and he goes against society to save a man whom he never considered being a life long friend. Huck's journey changes him in many ways and helps determine what kind of adult he becomes. Miss Watson tries to show Huck the good of Christianity. However, he is unable to grasp her concept of religion no matter how hard he tries. She tries to tell him about Moses and the Bulrushers, but he does not care for the past and ...takes no stock in dead people. Miss Watson tells Huck that if he prays for something, he will receive it. Huck decides to test the theory and is let down. He says, It warnt so. I tried it. Once I got a fish-line, but no hooks. I tried for the hooks three times, but somehow I couldn't make it work." Afterwards he tells Miss Watson to pray for his hooks and she calls him a fool. Huckleberry is a little confused about this whole praying scenario and when he comes back from the woods after thinking about everything he goes to the Widow Douglas. She explains to him that he must pray for "spiritual gifts" and others needs. Huck finds this absolutely outrageous and decides he is finished with religion. The only advantages he can see go towards other people. Later while continuing on his way with Jim, Huck comes upon two classic characters, the king and the duke. From the be ...

Major General George McClellan in the Civil War

Major General George McClellan in the Civil War George Brinton McClellan was born December 23, 1826 in Philadelphia, PA. The third child of Dr. George McClellan and Elizabeth Brinton, McClellan briefly attended the University of Pennsylvania in 1840 before leaving to pursue legal studies. Bored with the law, McClellan elected to seek a military career two years later. With the aid of President John Tyler, McClellan received an appointment to West Point in 1842 despite being a year younger than the typical entry age of sixteen. In school, many of McClellans close friends, including A.P. Hill and Cadmus Wilcox, were from the South and would later become his adversaries during the Civil War. His classmates included future notable generals in Jesse L. Reno, Darius N. Couch, Thomas Stonewall Jackson, George Stoneman, and George Pickett. An ambitious student while at the academy, he developed a great interest in the military theories of Antoine-Henri Jomini and Dennis Hart Mahan. Graduating second in his class in 1846, he was assigned to the Corps of Engineers and ordered to remain at West Point. Mexican-American War This duty was brief as he was soon dispatched to the Rio Grande for service in the Mexican-American War. Arriving off the Rio Grande too late to take part in Major General Zachary Taylors campaign against Monterrey, he fell ill for a month with dysentery and malaria. Recovering, he shifted south to join General Winfield Scott for the advance on Mexico City. Preforming reconnaissance missions for Scott, McClellan gained invaluable experience and earned a brevet promotion to first lieutenant for his performance at Contreras and Churubusco. This was followed by a brevet to captain for his actions at the Battle of Chapultepec. As the war was brought to a successful conclusion, McClellan also learned the value of balancing political and military affairs as well as maintaining relations with civilian populations. Interwar Years McClellan returned to a training role at West Point after the war and oversaw a company of engineers. Settling into a series of peacetime assignments, he wrote several training manuals, aided in the construction of Fort Delaware, and took part in an expedition up the Red River led by his future father-in-law Captain Randolph B. Marcy. A skilled engineer, McClellan was later assigned to survey routes for the transcontinental railroad by Secretary of War Jefferson Davis. Becoming a favorite of Davis, he conducted an intelligence mission to Santo Domingo in 1854, before being promoted to captain the following year and posted to the 1st Cavalry Regiment. Due to his language skills and political connections, this assignment was brief and later that year he was dispatched as an observer to the Crimean War. Returning in 1856, he wrote of his experiences and developed training manuals based on European practices. Also during this time, he designed the McClellan Saddle for use by the US Army. Electing to capitalize on his railroad knowledge, he resigned his commission on January 16, 1857 and became the chief engineer and vice president of the Illinois Central Railroad. In 1860, he also became the president of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad. Tensions Rise Though a gifted railroad man, McClellans primary interest remained the military and he considered returning the US Army and becoming a mercenary in support of Benito Jurez. Marrying Mary Ellen Marcy on May 22, 1860 in New York City, McClellan was an avid supporter of Democrat Stephen Douglas in the 1860 presidential election. With the election of Abraham Lincoln and the resulting Secession Crisis, McClellan was eagerly sought by several states, including Pennsylvania, New York, and Ohio, to lead their militia. An opponent of federal interference with slavery, he was also quietly approached by the South but refused citing his rejection of the concept of secession. Building an Army Accepting Ohios offer, McClellan was commissioned a major general of volunteers on April 23, 1861. In place four days, he wrote a detailed letter to Scott, now general-in-chief, outlining two plans for winning the war. Both were dismissed by Scott as unfeasible which led to tensions between the two men. McClellan re-entered federal service on May 3 and was named commander of the Department of the Ohio. On May 14, he received a commission as a major general in the regular army making him second in seniority to Scott. Moving to occupy western Virginia to protect the Baltimore Ohio Railroad, he courted controversy by announcing that he would not interfere with slavery in the area. Pushing through Grafton, McClellan won a series of small battles, including Philippi, but began to display the cautious nature and unwillingness to fully commit his command to battle that would dog him later in the war. The only Union successes to date, McClellan was ordered to Washington by President Lincoln after Brigadier General Irvin McDowells defeat at First Bull Run. Reaching the city on July 26, he was made commander of the Military District of the Potomac and immediately began assembling an army out of the units in the area. An adept organizer, he worked tirelessly to create the Army of the Potomac and cared deeply for the welfare of his men. In addition, McClellan ordered an extensive series of fortifications constructed to protect the city from Confederate attack. Frequently butting heads with Scott regarding strategy, McClellans favored fighting a grand battle rather than implementing Scotts Anaconda Plan. Also, he insistence on not interfering with slavery drew ire from Congress and the White House. As the army grew, he became increasingly convinced that the Confederate forces opposing him in northern Virginia badly outnumbered him. By mid-August, he believed that enemy strength numbered around 150,000 when in fact it seldom exceeded 60,000. Additionally, McClellan became highly secretive and refused to share strategy or basic army information with Scott and Lincolns cabinet. To the Peninsula In late October, the conflict between Scott and McClellan came to a head and the elderly general retired. As a result, McClellan was made general-in-chief, despite some misgivings from Lincoln. Increasingly more secretive regarding his plans, McClellan openly disdained the president, referring to him as a well-mannered baboon, and weakened his position through frequent insubordination. Facing growing anger over his inaction, McClellan was called to the White House on January 12, 1862 to explain his campaign plans. At the meeting, he outlined a plan calling for the army to move down the Chesapeake to Urbanna on the Rappahannock River before marching to Richmond. After several additional clashes with Lincoln over strategy, McClellan was forced to revise his plans when Confederate forces withdrew to a new line along the Rappahannock. His new plan called for landing at Fortress Monroe and advancing up the Peninsula to Richmond. Following the Confederate withdraw, he came under heavy criticism for allowing their escape and was removed as general-in-chief on March 11, 1862. Embarking six days later, the army began a slow movement to the Peninsula. Failure on the Peninsula Advancing west, McClellan moved slowly and again was convinced that he faced a larger opponent. Stalled at Yorktown by Confederate earthworks, he paused to bring up siege guns. These proved unnecessary as the enemy fell back. Crawling forward, he reached a point four miles from Richmond when he was attacked by General Joseph Johnston at Seven Pines on May 31. Though his line held, the high casualties shook his confidence. Pausing for three weeks to await reinforcements, McClellan was again attacked on June 25 by forces under General Robert E. Lee. Quickly losing his nerve, McClellan began falling back during a series of engagements known as the Seven Days Battles. This saw inconclusive fighting at Oak Grove on June 25 and a tactical Union victory at Beaver Dam Creek the next day. On June 27, Lee resumed his attacks and won a victory at Gaines Mill. Subsequent fighting saw Union forces driven back at Savages Station and Glendale before finally making at stand at Malvern Hill on July 1. Concentrating his army at Harrisons Landing on the James River, McClellan remained in place protected by the guns of the US Navy. The Maryland Campaign While McClellan remained on the Peninsula calling for reinforcements and blaming Lincoln for his failure, the president appointed Major General Henry Halleck as general-in-chief and ordered Major General John Pope to form the Army of Virginia. Lincoln also offered command of the Army of the Potomac to Major General Ambrose Burnside, but he declined. Convinced that the timid McClellan would not make another attempt on Richmond, Lee moved north and crushed Pope at the Second Battle of Manassas on August 28-30. With Popes force shattered, Lincoln, against the wishes of many Cabinet members, returned McClellan to overall command around Washington on September 2. Joining Popes men to the Army of the Potomac, McClellan moved west with his reorganized army in pursuit of Lee who had invaded Maryland. Reaching Frederick, MD, McClellan was presented with a copy of Lees movement orders which had been found by a Union soldier. Despite a boastful telegram to Lincoln, McClellan continued to move slowly allowing Lee to occupy the passes over South Mountain. Attacking on September 14, McClellans cleared the Confederates away at the Battle of South Mountain. While Lee fell back to Sharpsburg, McClellan advanced to Antietam Creek east of the town. An intended attack on the 16th was called off allowing Lee to dig in. Beginning the Battle of Antietam early on the 17th, McClellan established his headquarters far to the rear and was unable to exert personal control over his men. As a result, the Union attacks were not coordinated, allowing the outnumbered Lee to shift men to meet each in turn. Again believing that it was he who was badly outnumbered, McClellan refused to commit two of his corps and held them in reserve when their presence on the field would have been decisive. Though Lee retreated after the battle, McClellan had missed a key opportunity to crush a smaller, weaker army and perhaps end the war in the East. Relief 1864 Campaign In the wake of the battle, McClellan failed to pursue Lees wounded army. Remaining around Sharpsburg, he was visited by Lincoln. Again angered by McClellans lack of activity, Lincoln relieved McClellan on November 5, replacing him with Burnside. Though a poor field commander, his departure was mourned by the men who felt that Little Mac had always worked to care for them and their morale. Ordered to report to Trenton, NJ to await orders by Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, McClellan was effectively sidelined. Though public calls for his return were issued after the defeats at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, McClellan was left to write an account of his campaigns. Nominated as the Democratic candidate for the presidency in 1864, McClellan was hamstrung by his personal view that the war should be continued and the Union restored and the partys platform which called for an end to the fighting and a negotiated peace. Facing Lincoln, McClellan was undone by the deep divide in the party and numerous Union battlefield successes which bolstered the National Union (Republican) ticket. On election day, he was defeated by Lincoln who won with 212 electoral votes and 55% of the popular vote. McClellan only garnered 21 electoral votes. Later Life In the decade after the war, McClellan enjoyed two long trips to Europe and returned to the world of engineering and railroads. In 1877, he was nominated as the Democratic candidate for governor of New Jersey. He won the election and served a single term, leaving office in 1881. An avid supporter of Grover Cleveland, he had hoped to be named secretary of war, but political rivals blocked his appointment. McClellan suddenly died on October 29, 1885, after suffering from chest pains for several weeks. He was buried at Riverview Cemetery in Trenton, NJ.

Warfare Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Warfare - Case Study Example The shift of US foreign policy in 1948 from containment to pre-emptive war as emphasized in the Truman Doctrine, led to the establishment of US military hegemony and global economic domination. As the most powerful country in the world, the use saw the need to protect societies all over the world whenever they were threatened especially by the Soviet Union’s support for rebel groups that were fighting to establish socialism in many parts of the world. The USA saw these wars as a justified course since it was being waged to protect civilians against the Soviet Union sponsored aggression on sovereign nations (Crawford, 2003). Among the US- led wars during the cold war period that raise moral questions based on the principles of Jus in Bello is the Yugoslav War. Although the war passed the test of proportionality given that there were no excessive use of force, the element of discrimination which calls for restricting the war to military targets. The decision to use air strikes and no ground troops or low flying aircrafts limited the ability to be accurate when identifying targets therefore risking the lives of many unarmed civilians and increasing collateral damage during the war (Crawford, 2003). Issues raised on the basis of comparative justice in the Yugoslav War were also not conserved in the war as it failed to weigh competing visions of justice, opposing versions of history and litany of victimization. There are divergent views of the war with the Serbs asserting that Kosovo Liberation Army had links to the Mafia drug dealing among other atrocities while the Serbs disapproved the blatant aggression against their sovereign state by US-led intervention given that they had not attacked any other nation (Crawford, 2003). The justifications for the U.S. invasion of Iraq were based on two critical points that

Week 4 Individual Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Week 4 Individual Assignment - Essay Example Clear Hear manufactures phones at its own facilities. One of the goals of the managers of the company is to optimize production in order to take advantage of idle capacity. The company has an unused production capacity of 70,000 units. The firm has to decide whether or not to take an order of 100,000 units. The current bid is a price of $15 per unit. The firm has to consider the variable and fixed cost of producing the model. Clear Hear produces two types of phone models. The Alpha model is sold at $20. The profit margin on this model is 15% due to the fact that total cost equal $17 per unit. The Beta model is sold at $30 and it has a net market of 26.66%. Due to the fact that the production cost are higher than the price bid of the proposal the company cannot take the order under normal circumstances. To take the order the firm has to outsource the order to produce the phones at $14. The company would make a profit of $100,000 on the transaction. In order to increase revenues Clear Hear can utilize several strategies. The firm can invest money in marketing in order to attract new customers. Advertising campaigns can ignite the demand of the product. Another way to improve revenues is by motivating the sales staff. Increasing commission incentives is a way to motivate the salespeople to produce more. A firm can increase its production capacity by investing in technology such as new machinery for the production line. Increasing the production capacity of the firm can enabled the company to shift its supply curve to the right. Greater production would enable the company to increase its revenues. Another simply solution to increase the demand for the product is to decrease the price of the phones. Due to the thin margin on the Alpha model the company has to be careful with its price decreases because it may hurt profitability. It is important to pay attention to the laws of diminishing return.

Fmcg Industry And Outsourcing Information Technology Essay

Fmcg Industry And Outsourcing Information Technology Essay FMCG industry, conversely also called as Consumer packaged goods industry. Fast Moving Consumer Goods are those fragile consumables which are usually consumed by the consumers at a regular interval. Prime activities of FMCG industry belong to selling, marketing, financing, purchasing, etc but the industry also betrothed in operations, supply chain, production and general management. FMCG industry provides a wide range of daily consumable products and consequently the amount of money circulated against FMCG products is also very high. Competition among FMCG companies is also mounting and as a result of this, investment in FMCG industry is also greater than ever, particularly in India, where FMCG industry is regarded as the fourth largest sector with total market size of US$13.1 billion which is estimated to grow 60% by 2010. FMCG industry is considered as the largest segment in New Zealand which accounts for 5% of the country Gross Domestic Product. FMCG product categories include Packaged food and dairy products, Hair and body care products, glassware and paper products, pharmaceuticals, consumer electronics, plastic goods, printing and stationery, household products, photography, drinks etc. and some of the examples of FMCG products are soap, detergent, shampoos, coffee, tea, dry cells, greeting cards, gifts, tobacco and cigarettes, watches etc. Well known FMCG companies are Nestlà ©, Reckitt Benckiser, Unilever, Procter Gamble, LOreal, Coca-Cola, Carlsberg, Kleenex, General Mills, Pepsi and Mars etc. The purpose of this topic is to investigate the relationship between the factors that affect the outsourcing decisions in FMCG industry of Pakistan. There are higher trends seen in the market for outsourcing in many FMCG companies but still it is reflecting as there are a number of factors which inhibit the FMCG companies to make outsourcing decisions. Outsourcing occurs as a result of intimate acquaintance between subcontractors and managing departments. Outsourcers want to decrease the cost of production and the cost of management by distributing work to avoid other costs such as wages and compensation. However, outsourcing helps society by decreasing unemployment, making the economy grow and decreasing social problems. Outsourcing is also a way to boost the economy and it helps producing industries to survive in the market. However, it is not a guarantee that the producing industries will survive. It is just one of the devices that FMCGs should use in management, but it depends on managerial efficiency in the industries. If FMCGs want to survive in the age of globalization, they have to adopt management techniques suitable for each situation in order to survive in the current industrial climate. Nowadays, macroeconomics and microeconomics have been changing very rapidly, in every region. This situation is forcing all countries in the world to adapt to competition resulting from globalization, including modifying government policies, international relations, free trade area agreements, etc. Changes are also occurring in industrial management, especially organizational management, production management and technology, delivery, and marketing management, in response to both local and international competition. In the competitive environment of manufacturing concerns and evolving technological era, to enhance efficiency and productivity, cost remains a challenge to overall manufacturing industry to compete with rivals in providing the best total lower cost to end customers and to secure the market share in order to add value to the shareholders. To invest heavily in capital investment such as machineries, buildings and land to expand space in supporting the production operation is a burden to most companies if the return of investment is not valuably. FMCGs that outsource are in quest of, to recognize benefits or address one or more of the issues like Cost savings, Focus on Core, Cost restructuring, Improve quality, Knowledge, Contracting out, Operational expertise, Access to talent, Capacity management, Catalyst for change, Enhance capacity for innovation, Reduce time to market, Co modification, Risk management, Venture Capital, Tax Benefit, Scalability and Creating leisure time etc. FMCG Industry and Outsourcing Companies that were struggling to increase the capacity to support the ramp up demand at times were upset when there was a drastic downturn of demand cut. As a result, the sudden downturn would affect the resources and investment that were put into supporting the end customers demand. Team of human resources and machineries that consumed production space and being idled would increase the overhead and fixed cost, thus affecting the companies badly in their financial statements. In addition, training and development to up skill internal resource skills set in terms of running the operation effectively, bringing up technical content expert, specialist ability to perform research and development to add value, effective management and maintaining the operation would require significant investment in human resources. Thus, most of the companies started to explore opportunities to reduce cost and to improve profit margin in order to maintain competitive edge in the market. One of the identified opportunities was to outsource non-core business functions to external service providers at a lower operating cost. Outsourcing decisions are those strategic decisions that change the operating strategy of an organization both in manufacturing and services. The most important step in any outsourcing decision is to clearly define the scope of the activities that are being considered for outsourcing versus previously in sourced. Outsourcing becomes a basic strategy of the FMCG industry and is essential for FMCG firms to stay competitive in the global environment. From firms perspective, outsourcing offers several advantages, such as reducing or stabilizing overhead costs, gaining cost advantage over the competition, concentrating on core activities and organizational specializations, providing flexibility in response to changing market conditions, and reducing investment in high technology based manufacturing organizations. Through 2004 onward business growth strategy changes and business growth was restored as the first priority for most worldwide businesses, making cost reduction the second or third priority. Ensuring business growth as well as business process speed, agility and cost reduction requires a unique mix of internal and external capabilities, skills, services and processes. Only a business-driven sourcing strategy supported by good-enough sourcing execution capabilities will guarantee successful business outcomes as well as improved performance and competitiveness. Lack of an outsourcing strategy or relevant skills and processes to manage outsourcing relationships is the most important reason for the failure of service and manufacturing industry. Global competition, increasing regulation and inspection, the development of specific standards and the industrialization of services will raise the competitive bar for the FMCGs services and business processes, making it compulsory for the FMCGs to work on their core business in source let the others do their job for you. By competing on core competencies and outsourcing non-core areas, FMCG companies achieve consistently higher performance over the globe in all fields especially manufacturing and supply chains through consistent focusing and tracking their Key performance indicators. For any of the company to make decision for in source or outsource, its the company strategic decision which will make the basis for the whole in source or outsource process. For making any decision, decision maker will consider the following perspective in their mind or they must have good answers for these questions. Determine what your company needs to or should do best strategy driven long-term positioning Determine how best to do things profit driven short to intermediate term competitiveness INSOURCING/ OUTSOURCING STRATEGIC DECISION KEY STEPS IN SERVICE BASE INDUSTRY An executive level cross-functional decision-making process identifies core competencies and areas for internal investment. The level of internal control required by the companies and prospective direction for operational insource/ outsource decisions are identified and analyzed based on strategic value and relative competitiveness of the company in the market. Document complete strategic decision making process and the implementation process for the strategic decision being made as it provides closed-loop assessment for continuous improvement of the decision in the long run. Align the implementation strategies, processes and Key performance indicators with criteria and assumptions used in strategy formulation or development and in sourcing /outsourcing decision process. STANDARDIZED OUTSOURCING PROCESS FLOW IN FMCG INDUSTRY Stage Key Activities Rough Timeline BU Role COE Role Opportunity Consideration Align on business need gain mgmt commitment to evaluate options Identify options to consider (e.g., internal cost savings, consolidation, off-shoring, outsourcing) Perform Options Analysis / Size of Prize (not detailed financial analysis) If potential for outsourcing, contact outsourcing COE for support NA PR PR PR PR C C Evaluation Team Kick-Off Establish small team to perform preliminary evaluation of outsourcing (Project Mgr/Business Mgr, Deal Mgr, Purchases Mgr, FA Mgr, HR Mgr, External Rel.) 1-2 wks PR C Initiate Evaluation Project Agree on top-line preferred deal parameters with OS COE (e.g., general scope boundaries, sell all vs. partial assets) Develop Keep Price Analysis using the CBA model (COE website) Develop preliminary project success criteria Develop preliminary project process, timing and critical path Consider advisory needs (e.g. external consultants, legal support) Consider need for employee communication pre-market evaluation activity Confirm business management alignment support to evaluate the option 1-4 wks SR SR SR SR C SR PR SR SR SR SR PR SR C Market Evaluation/Discovery Analyze market and identify potential suppliers (e.g., market position, capabilities, potential for savings monetization) Develop supplier materials (cold call message operation review presentation) Meet with suppliers (generally worth meeting w/up to 10 or so if available) Evaluate findings of visits and determine potential for outsourcing RFI may go out as part of typical assessment activity 4-8 wks PR PR C SR C C PR SR Decision to Pursue Outsourcing Refine project objectives, scope, etc. (w/knowledge of market evaluation) Prepare recommendation to pursue outsourcing Gain management approval per Decision Authority PRIOR to RFP Determine the small group of suppliers to be engaged in an RFP (3-4 ideally) Execute CDAs with these suppliers Expand project team (RFP leader, Legal, Administrative support, etc) Develop communication plan communicate to employees if not yet been done Base Case Financials 2-3 wks PR PR PR SR PR PR C C C SR PR C C RFP Development Draft and gain approval to RFP Develop RFP timeline (release date, supplier engagements, site visits, submittal date) Release RFP and instructions to suppliers 4-6 wks PR C PR TPO PR TPO RFP Process Execution Perform step-by-step RFP completion process w/suppliers (e.g., RFP review session, electronic QA cycle, preliminary solution review) Receive review bids, and execute formal solution walk-thru process Get revised bids and perform evaluation (operational, HR, financial) 4-8 wks SR SR SR SR SR SR Downs elect Process Develop recommendation to down select to 1 or 2 suppliers (keep 2 suppliers ideally to maintain competitive environment) Get management agreement 1-2 wks PR PR C C Due Diligence Conduct due diligence as required (us on suppliers; suppliers on us) 1-2 wks PR TPO Final Bids Provides suppliers with draft contract Request Best Final Offers (if appropriate) 1-2 wks C C PR PR Negotiations and Contract Signing Negotiate detailed price and contract terms (w/2 suppliers as long as possible) Align on final down select Get management approval Finalize internal and external communication plans (with External Relations) Sign contract and execute related communications 4-6 wks C PR PR PR PR PR C TPO C C Transition and Closing Put full transition team in place Execute required transition steps (including road shows, job offers, etc) Develop and execute companion agreements in other countries Execute closing Prepare deal files 4-12 wks PR PR SR PR SR PR PR Primarily Responsible Total Time Required* SR Shared Responsibility 5 10 months (ex Transition) C Contributor 6 12 months (w/Transition) TPO Technical Process Oversight * will vary based on project scope Problem Statement The rapidly changing global industrial environment, cost of working capital, research and innovation, releasing key internal resources, concentrating on Core business functions, obtaining better organizational form has significant impact on outsourcing decision making in FMCG industry of Pakistan. Hypothesis H1: Outsourcing activities are increasing day by day in FMCG Industry of Pakistan. H2: FMCG industries are Outsourcing in all areas of their business not only manufacturing operation. H3: FMCG industries are Outsourcing to reduce Operating cost. H4: FMCG Industries are outsourcing to increase concentration on their core business. H5: FMCG Industries are outsourcing to Improve Quality of Services. H6: FMCG Industries are outsourcing to Acquire Specialized expertise and knowledge H7: FMCG industries are focusing on Selective Outsourcing. H8: FMCG industries have midterm Outsourcing contracts. H9: FMCG industries make Outsourcing contracts with good reputable companies. H10: FMCG industries make Outsourcing contracts with companies that produce at lower cost. H11: FMCG industries make Outsourcing contracts with companies that have advance technology and management experience. H12: Losing control of the certain business is the major concern in FMCG industries to make Outsourcing contracts. H13: Increasing dependence with outsourcers is the major concern in FMCG industries to make Outsourcing contracts. H14: Difficult to bring in source after conflicts is the major concern in FMCG industries to make Outsourcing contracts. H15: Disclosure of commercial secrets is the major concern in FMCG industries to make Outsourcing contracts. H16: Conflict of Interest with outsourcing partner is the major concern in FMCG industries to make Outsourcing contracts. Outline of the Study The research structure based on five chapters as follows: Introduction about the Outsourcing and FMCG industry. The literature review had provided theoretical background of the research and cites author had previously researched on the topic of factors affecting outsourcing decision The research methods chapter included method of data collection, statistical technique and hypothesis development. The results chapter had included findings and interpretation of the results. The conclusion, discussions, implications and recommendation section provided the final logical analysis. Definitions Outsourcing Outsourcing is an agreement in which any task; operation, job or process that could be performed by employees within an organization, but is instead contracted to a third party for a significant period of time-one Company provides services for another company that could also be or usually have been provided in-house. FMCGs   It is an acronym for  Fast Moving Consumer Goods. It is defined as fast selling, low unit value  consumer products  normally in universal  demand. It includes categories like foods, soft  drinks, toiletries, cosmetics and other non-durables. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW Most of the companies that were struggling to increase the capacity to support the ramp up demand at times were upset when there was a drastic downturn of demand cut. As a result, the sudden downturn would affect the resources and investment that were put into supporting the end customers demand. Team of human resources and machineries that consumed production space and being idled would increase the overhead and fixed cost, thus affecting the companies badly in their financial statements. In addition, training and development to up skill internal resource skills set in terms of running the operation effectively, bringing up technical content expert, specialist ability to perform research and development to add value, effective management and maintaining the operation would require significant investment in human resources (David Mackey and Kaye Thorne, 2003). Thus, most of the companies started to explore opportunities to reduce cost and to improve profit margin in order to maintain competitive edge in the market. One of the identified opportunities was to outsource non-core business functions to external service providers at a lower operating cost. Outsourcing decisions are those strategic decisions that change the operations strategy of an organization both in manufacturing and services. The most important step in any outsourcing decision is to clearly define the scope of the operations that are being considered for outsourcing (Cook, Mary, F. and Gildner, Scoot B. 2008). Human resource professionals throughout the world are being asked to do more or less, to enhance productivity while controlling costs and to find out new ways to increase profitability. (Uddin, Gazi, M. 2005). Outsourcing is not a new notion. For decades, jobs have been migrated from other part of the countries namely American and European countries as well as other overseas countries to global service providers primarily India, China, Singapore and Malaysia due to lower operating cost. According to Cynthia A. Kroll (2004), a regional economist from University of California Berkeley, the recent wave of outsourcing affected a different mix of jobs, at different wage levels. It was not confined only to a small set of industries but cut across all industrial sectors in new geographic area rapidly (Cynthia A. Kroll, 2004). William P. DiMartini (2005), Senior Vice President at SunGard Availability Services said businesses in all industry segments found that limited internal resources would make outsourcing an attractive, cost-effective and prudent option that would allow them to focus on their core competencies (AccountingWEB.com, 2005). Demand for outsourcing is a result of demand for organizational products by the target audience. On the basis of organizational estimate of total turnover, practicing managers can attempt to establish the nature and type of outsourcing required to that esteemed goal (Uddin, Gazi M. 2005). Outsourcing advantages to name a few include lower operating cost, improve competitiveness, low in capital investment, shift resources to focus on core functions, generate demand for new growth and market segment, access to world class capability, sharing risks and make capital funds available for core business investment. Bangladesh is a least developed country, basically an agrarian economy, having around 24 million acres of cultivated land, employing about 14.5 million cultivators. Manufacturing industries have grown around Dhaka and Chittagong based on agriculture input of jute, cotton, chemical and gas based industries. Industrial production growth has averaged more than 6% over the last 5 years. The export sector has been the engine of industrial growth, with ready-made garments leading the way, having grown at an average of 30% over the last 5 years. Primary products constitute less than 10 percent of the countrys exports; the bulk of exports are manufactured/processed products, ready-made garments and knit wears in particular. (www.euroitx.com) There are many manufacturing concerns in Bangladesh that are looking into outsourcing opportunity to reduce cost and to overcome the internal limitations and achieve lower cost of operation. The country is now moving towards industry based economy from the agro-based one. Hence, this study was an attempt to access determinants influencing the outsourcing decision and to research the manufacturing concern in Bangladesh on how well the factors would influence the manufacturing industry in Bangladesh to outsource certain function of their business areas to external service providers. The study also aimed at finding out the influencing factors that influenced the companies in outsourcing decision and helped the companies to overcome the internal limitation barriers. In the early 1980s, outsourcing typically referred to the situation while organizations expanded their purchases of manufactured physical inputs, like car companies that purchased window cranks and seat fabrics from outside the firm rather than making them inside. Nowadays, outsourcing took on a different meaning. Presently it refers to a specific segment of the growing international trade. This segment consists of arms-length, or what Bhagvati (1984) called long-distance purchase of services abroad, principally, but not necessarily, via electronic mediums such as the telephone, fax and the Internet. Outsourcing can happen both though transactions by firms, like phone call centers staffed in Bangalore to sen7e customers in New York and X-rays transmitted digitally from Boston to be read in Bombay, or with direct consumption purchases by individuals, like when someone hires an offshore firm to provide plans for redesigning or redecorating a living room (Bhagwati, J. et al. 2004) In an era of rapid technological change and short product life cycles, companies were trying to reduce cost and maintain quality at the same time which implied that companies would need to specialize in what they did best and de-emphasize management attention from business processes that did not directly impact the business. Outsourcing was a means to partner with service providers so they could handle specific business processes better, faster and at a lower operating cost (V. Krishna Polineni, 2001). It was defined as the transferring one or more internal functions of an organization to an external service providers. According to the analyst Dean Davison, the outsourcing was growing about 20 percent to 25 percent per annum (Dean Davison, 2006). Outsourcing has become an alternative, which all major corporations must consider in order to remain competitive. It helped to increase efficiency, improve service quality, accountability, values, decreased headcounts and cash infusion and gain access to world class capability and sharing risk (The Outsourcing Institute, 2006). One of the primary advantages of outsourcing arises quickly from the reduction of overheads. This might give rise to an immediate, and possibly one-off, advantage in terms of the avoidance of future or recurrent capital outlay, and the savings in office space and equipment provisions if these could be released during the outsourcing decision. There was clearly a staff cost reduction possible here, and this could be the predominant element in directly-attributable, ongoing cost savings. The spin-off from this might benefit the business support services department where the outsourcing was partial, and could be especially useful where the capital cost was high and recurrent, particularly if there was uncertainty about the future costs of maintaining effective and competitive business support. It was an investment risk transfer, in other words. Where outsourcing is total, the benefit was accrued directly by the core business it translated to a capital injection to the customers busines s. This was one of the major driving reasons of the outsourcing of IT provision in the early 1990s generally agreed as having been led in 1989 by Kodak, which outsourced all of its IT operations to IBM (Jonathan Reuvid and John Hinks, 2001). This could also confer a great deal of flexibility on the company. For a centralized organization which was providing a range of its support services from its own personnel and offices, the move to outsourcing could allow a downsizing of the property commitments. Consider the impact on the organizational infrastructure requirements of a change to outsourcing IT provision, payroll and credit processing, pensions, catering, recruitment, training, Human Resource Management (HRM), cleaning, security, lettings, software development, estates and building management. It could also confer direct scope for downsizing or increased options for organizational re-structuring through property and HRM flexibility. The transfer of a non-core service provision to a variable cost would allow economies of scale to be passed on from the supplier, and also would mean that incremental changes in the process capacity of the customer (upwards or downwards) could be covered at proportional rather than quantum cost changes. Where scope to vary the scale of the contracted supply was agreed, this has allowed the business organization to make maximum use of its marginal capital for core process change rather than non-core process support change. This could allow decreased time to market for new products or processes, and also increased scope for changes. Outsourcing solutions can provide an excellent chance to get the company service provision out of a rut and, if properly managed, to stimulate new solutions to problems from the mixing of different approaches. A noticeable feature of the global economy is the enhancing international products. Robert Feenstra (1998) describes the remarkable international specialization in the manufacturing products. For example, the raw materials of manufacturing products like Barbie dolls (plastic and hair) are obtained from Taiwan and Japan. Assembly used to be done in those countries as well as to lower cost locations like Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, and China. The growth in international specialization can also be observed in aggregate statistics. William Zeile and Gorden Hanson et al (2003) document the importance of trade within multinational firms. David Hummels et al. (2003) show that trade in intermediate inputs has grown faster than trade in finished products. While the globalization of production may yield important productivity benefits, there is a widespread view that it has also adversely affected low skilled workers. There are frequent media reports on how low-skilled labors in the firs t world countries are hurt when manufacturing jobs are relocated in the US and in many other countries have picked up on this theme to push for greater restrictions on trade with developing countries. Yet, despite its prominence in the public debate, there is little systematic evidence of the extent to which low-skilled workers are harmed by outsourcing to poor countries (Hsieh, Chang T. and Woo, Keong T., 2005). Outsourcing has existed in the USA for over 30 years particularly the business process outsourcing (BPO). The Bank of America, Best Buy, Delta Airlines, Goodyear, IBM, the Marriott, Motorola, PepsiCo, Procter Gamble, and Sun Microsystems are all outsourcing HR functions. US federal and state governments also spend billions each year doing so also. HR functions are not just being outsourced, they are being sent offshore. The US companies have off-shored their manufacturing and their RD facilities in their semiconductors, computing, chemicals and pharmaceuticals to the UK, Germany, France, Ireland and other developed countries (www.shrm.org). In view of developing countries, outsourcing takes place more recently to India and China. In 2003, 1.5 million service jobs were outsourced to the developing world and the number was projected to surge to 4.1 million by year 2008 (Elmillian Chew Saint Fey, 2005). According to the Offshore Location Attractiveness Index published by AT Kearny (2004), Malaysia, an emerging South East Asian nation, was the third most desirable location for offshore outsourcing in the world, after India and china. In Malaysia, the demand for outsourcing was not only from global multi-national companies but also from local companies. The demand for outsourcing was driven by the fact that companies could access a more reliable infrastructure that could ensure smooth core business operations at lower costs and with greater flexibility. Outsourcing also encouraged the pooling of resources for a more efficient use of resources to reap the benefits that could be derived from economies of scale. Bangladesh has potential in outsourcing in its competitive business environment with a relatively low cost structure as well as support from the government and non-government organizations. In view of outsourcing demand, Bangladesh could be very well take advantage of this fact by attracting quality outsourcing operators to the country. The availability of quality resources especially in the private sector to support the outsourcing demand, this could be made available to support off-shore and local outsourcers. HR outsourcing organizations in Bangladesh are in stage of booming up and most of the organizations have realized that they should play more attention to networking activities. Uddin, Gazi M. (2005) describes the challenges and prospects of effective HR outsourcing for managerial activities in the corporate world of Bangladesh. The study reveals that networking activities play a strong role in HR outsourcing and duration of outsourcing is temporary. The study mainly focused on HR outsourci ng, not on the factors influencing outsourcing decisions. Literature review shows that several comprehensive studies have been conducted in the world regarding outsourcing specifically HR outsourcing, general time management, managerial jobs, and managerial behavior and so on. But no significant study in the light of this research has been found. It is not claimed by the researche